Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi tarlalar\u0131ndaki yabanc\u0131 otlar genellikle ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ile ayn\u0131 zamanda veya sonra \u00e7imlenirler.<\/p>\n
Zarar \u015eekli ve Ekonomik \u00d6nemi<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 otlar, k\u00fclt\u00fcr bitkileri ile su, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve besin maddelerinden faydalanma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan rekabet olu\u015fturarak verim ve kalite kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olurlar. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin yabanc\u0131 otlardan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemin genellikle ekimden sonraki 1-1.5 ay i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 ot m\u00fccadelesi ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finde verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli oranda engellemektedir. Zaman\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 ot m\u00fccadelesi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ciddi \u00fcr\u00fcn kay\u0131plar\u0131 meydana gelmektedir. Yabanc\u0131 ot m\u00fccadelesi yap\u0131lmayan bir ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi tarlas\u0131nda zarar oran\u0131 yabanc\u0131 otun t\u00fcr ve yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle beraber genellikle %15-100 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
M\u00fccadelesi<\/p>\n
K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00d6nlemler<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan yabanc\u0131 ot tohum ya da par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n tarlaya giri\u015fi \u00f6nlenmelidir. Bu ama\u00e7la;<\/p>\n
– Tolerant veya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitler tercih edilmeli,
\n– Yabanc\u0131 otlarla bula\u015f\u0131k alanda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan t\u00fcm tar\u0131msal alet ve makinalar ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi tarlalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce temizlenmeli,
\n– Temiz ve sertifikal\u0131 tohumluk kullan\u0131larak yabanc\u0131 ot tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n tarlaya ta\u015f\u0131nmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131,
\n– Kullan\u0131lacak \u00e7iftlik g\u00fcbresinin yanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmeli,
\n– Tarla kenar\u0131ndaki yabanc\u0131 otlar ile tohum ba\u011flamadan \u00f6nce m\u00fccadele edilmeli,
\n– Sulama suyunun temiz olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir,
\n– \u0130yi bir tohum yata\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi bitkilerinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 otlarla rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131,
\n– Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ekiminden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lacak toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda toprak y\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n toprakalt\u0131 organlar\u0131 toplanarak tarladan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve imha edilmeli, s\u00fcr\u00fcmden sonra geli\u015fen yabanc\u0131 otlar ise, k\u00fcltivat\u00f6r, t\u0131rm\u0131k, kazaya\u011f\u0131 gibi aletlerle topra\u011f\u0131n i\u015flenmesi ile yok edilmeli,
\n– Topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve belirli yabanc\u0131 ot t\u00fcrlerinin yo\u011funluk kazanmas\u0131na engel
\n– olmak i\u00e7in 4-5 y\u0131l s\u00fcreli ekim n\u00f6beti yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r,
\n– Canavar otlar\u0131 ile m\u00fccadelede erken d\u00f6nemde elle \u00e7ekme, ge\u00e7 ekim, derin s\u00fcr\u00fcm (Bir kez, 45-50cm), tuzak bitkiler (Keten, kenevir), dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit kullan\u0131m\u0131 vb. k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mekanik M\u00fccadele<\/p>\n
– Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi tohumlar\u0131 tarlaya ekilmeden \u00f6nce iyi bir toprak i\u015flemesi yap\u0131larak hem toprak gev\u015fetilmeli, havaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 hem de yabanc\u0131 otlar yok edilmeli,
\n– \u00c7\u0131kan yabanc\u0131 otlar \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ara \u00e7apa makinas\u0131yla toprak i\u015flenmeli,
\n– Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi bitkileri 6-8 yaprakl\u0131 oldu\u011funda bitkiler teklenirken el \u00e7apas\u0131 yap\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kan yabanc\u0131 otlar yok edilmelidir.
\n– Tar\u0131msal alet ve makinalar ba\u015fka bir alanda kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce mutlaka temizlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
Kimyasal M\u00fccadele<\/p>\n
Herbisit uygulamas\u0131, kullan\u0131lacak ila\u00e7lara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ekim \u00f6ncesi, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncesi ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a) Ekim \u00f6ncesi: Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ekiminden \u00f6nce herbisit topra\u011fa uyguland\u0131ktan sonra diskaro veya t\u0131rm\u0131kla 5-7 cm derinli\u011fe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve daha sonra ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b) \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncesi: Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ekiminden sonra 1-2 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ila\u00e7lama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c) \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131: \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131 kullan\u0131lan herbisitler, yabanc\u0131 otlar ve ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, genellikle yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n 2-4 yaprakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu erken geli\u015fme d\u00f6neminde uygulanmakla birlikte, herbisitin etiket bilgileri dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131lacak Bitki Koruma \u00dcr\u00fcnleri ve Dozlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n “Bitki Koruma \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Veri Taban\u0131” ile “Bitki Koruma \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Veri Taban\u0131 Mobil Uygulamas\u0131” nda yay\u0131nlanan ve tavsiye edilen bitki koruma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131lacak Alet ve Makineler<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 ot m\u00fccadelesi, s\u0131rt p\u00fclverizat\u00f6r\u00fc (mekanik, motorlu, otomatik) veya hidrolik tarla p\u00fclverizat\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130la\u00e7lama Tekni\u011fi<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 ot m\u00fccadelesinde istenilen ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in, belirli bir alana verilen dozun o alana homojen da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem verilmelidir. Bunun i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak aletlerin kalibrasyonu yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncesi ila\u00e7larda, toprak y\u00fczeyine iyi bir film tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde yeknesak at\u0131lmal\u0131, ila\u00e7lanan k\u0131s\u0131mlardan ikinci kez ge\u00e7ilmemelidir. Bir ay s\u00fcre ile ila\u00e7lanan alanda herhangi bir toprak i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130la\u00e7lamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda hava sakin, ya\u011f\u0131\u015fs\u0131z ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k 25\u00b0C \u00fcst\u00fcnde olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130la\u00e7lamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda toprak y\u00fczeyinin fazla kuru olmamas\u0131na dikkat edilmeli, toprak tav\u0131nda iken ila\u00e7lama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.tarim.gov.tr\/ adresinden ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi tarlalar\u0131ndaki yabanc\u0131 otlar genellikle ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ile ayn\u0131 zamanda veya sonra \u00e7imlenirler. Zarar \u015eekli ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarim"],"yoast_head":"\n