ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nden ithal edilen t\u00fcm alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilere y\u00fczde 200 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi tehdidi, Avrupa’n\u0131n \u015farap end\u00fcstrisini ABD ile yeni bir ticaret sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya\u2019daki \u015farap \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in son g\u00fcnlerde ak\u0131llarda tek bir \u015fey var: Y\u00fczde 200. Bunun nedeni, Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7en hafta Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin baz\u0131 Amerikan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine misilleme olarak g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi koymas\u0131 durumunda Avrupa \u015faraplar\u0131, \u015fampanyalar\u0131 ve di\u011fer alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerine y\u00fczde 200 oran\u0131nda ek vergi getirme tehdidinde bulunmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u015farap \u00fcreticileri, \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olabilecek bu maliyetlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir. Bu tehdit, Avrupa’n\u0131n \u015farap end\u00fcstrisini ABD ile yeni bir ticaret sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
‘B\u00fcy\u00fck bir felaket olabilir’<\/p>\n
Bu durumdan en \u00e7ok endi\u015felenenlerden biri, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Champagne b\u00f6lgesinde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil \u015farap \u00fcreticisi ve bir \u015fampanya evi sahibi olan David Levasseur. Levasseur, kendi ba\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcretilmi\u015f bir kadeh \u015fampanyay\u0131 \u00e7evirirken, “Bu benim i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun, hem de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck. Umar\u0131z sadece bir bl\u00f6f, sadece laf kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r,” diyor.<\/p>\n
Ancak Trump’\u0131n y\u00fczde 200’l\u00fck tehdidini kastederek ekliyor: “Biri bu kadar y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fuyorsa, genellikle medya ilgisini \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordur. Ama her durumda, bunun baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.”<\/p>\n
Levasseur, di\u011fer \u015farap \u00fcreticileri gibi, ABD\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihracat\u0131n y\u00fczde 200 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi nedeniyle tamamen durabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. “Bu, ger\u00e7ek bir felaket olabilir,” diyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130talya, Fransa ve \u0130spanya, ABD’ye en fazla \u015farap ihra\u00e7 eden be\u015f \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Trump\u2019\u0131n bu tehdidi, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 1 Nisan’da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi beklenen Amerikan viskisine y\u00fczde 50 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi getirme karar\u0131na yan\u0131t olarak geldi. AB\u2019nin bu vergiyi uygulama sebebi ise Trump y\u00f6netiminin yabanc\u0131 \u00e7elik ve al\u00fcminyuma koydu\u011fu g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifeleri.<\/p>\n
Fransa i\u00e7in 4 milyar euroluk bir pazar<\/p>\n
Fransa \u015earap ve \u0130\u00e7ki \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Gabriel Picard, y\u00fczde 200’l\u00fck vergilerin Frans\u0131z \u015farap end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Frans\u0131z \u015farap ve i\u00e7ki ihracat\u0131n\u0131n ABD pazar\u0131ndaki y\u0131ll\u0131k de\u011ferinin 4 milyar euro oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
“Y\u00fczde 200 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisiyle art\u0131k bir pazar kalmaz,” diyor Picard.<\/p>\n
Yine de AB\u2019nin Trump\u2019\u0131n ilk tarifelerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermesini anlay\u0131\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor: “Bu konuda bir tart\u0131\u015fma yok. Trump, g\u00fc\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 seviyor ve yarat\u0131yor. Bizim de buna uyum sa\u011flamam\u0131z gerekiyor.”<\/p>\n
\u0130talya’da en b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fe l\u00fcks restoranlar<\/p>\n
\u0130talya\u2019daki \u015farap end\u00fcstrisi ise pani\u011fe kap\u0131lmak yerine Br\u00fcksel ve Washington\u2019daki m\u00fczakerecilerin ticaret sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131rmand\u0131rmadan geri ad\u0131m atmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyor. ABD, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015farap pazar\u0131 konumunda. Son 20 y\u0131lda sat\u0131\u015flar \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 7 artarak 2 milyar euroyu a\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle l\u00fcks restoranlardaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sat\u0131\u015flar, ABD pazar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130talyan \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez k\u0131l\u0131yor. Federvini adl\u0131 ulusal \u015farap \u00fcreticileri birli\u011finin ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Piero Mastroberardino, y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u0130talyan \u015faraplar\u0131n\u0131n fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019deki vergiler nedeniyle ula\u015f\u0131lamaz seviyelere \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin Mastroberardino’nun \u00fcnl\u00fc ‘Taurasi Radici’ k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015farab\u0131, Wine Spectator dergisi taraf\u0131ndan 2023\u2019te d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en iyi be\u015finci \u015farab\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. ABD\u2019de perakende sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 dolar, yani \u0130talya\u2019dakinin iki kat\u0131. Y\u00fczde 200 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi, bu fiyat\u0131 ‘ak\u0131l almaz’ bir seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n
Mastroberardino\u2019nun ABD\u2019deki ithalat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, Ocak ay\u0131nda Trump vergisi ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 sipari\u015flerini y\u00fczde 20 art\u0131rd\u0131. Ancak bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n, vergilerin uzun vadede yarataca\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131 telafi edemeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
“Hedef al\u0131nan \u00fclkeler olarak, m\u00fczakere masas\u0131nda birlik i\u00e7inde hareket etmek hepimizin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na,” diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n endi\u015fesi: \u015earap ve Cava<\/p>\n
\u0130spanyol \u015farap \u00fcreticileri ve sekt\u00f6r uzmanlar\u0131 da benzer endi\u015feleri ta\u015f\u0131yor. Yumu\u015fak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015faraplar\u0131, her y\u0131l \u0130spanya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden on milyonlarca Amerikal\u0131 turist taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130spanya \u015earap End\u00fcstrisi Derne\u011fi\u2019nden ekonomik analist Bego\u00f1a Olavarr\u00eda, “Bu vergilerin pek mant\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyoruz ve umuyoruz ki asla hayata ge\u00e7mez,” diyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130spanya, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD\u2019ye \u015farap ihracat\u0131nda de\u011fer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc, hacim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise yedinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n ABD\u2019ye \u015farap ihracat\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 7 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve sekt\u00f6r, \u00fclkenin toplam ekonomik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 2\u2019sini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n
Ancak en b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fe, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n \u015fampanya benzeri Cava \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in. ABD, \u0130spanyol Cava \u015farab\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck pazar konumunda.<\/p>\n
Barselona\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Cava \u00fcretimi yapan Alta Alella Bodega\u2019n\u0131n sahibi Mireia Pujol-Busquets, ailesinin 1991\u2019de kurdu\u011fu i\u015fletmenin ABD\u2019ye 25.000 \u015fi\u015felik sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeye girece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
“Amerikan pazar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in 10 y\u0131l emek verdik, distrib\u00fct\u00f6rler bulduk, bir marka in\u015fa ettik,” diyor.<\/p>\n
Pujol-Busquets, Trump\u2019\u0131n ilk d\u00f6neminde \u015faraplara uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczde 25\u2019lik tarifeyi zor da olsa tolere edebildiklerini belirtiyor. Ancak y\u00fczde 200’l\u00fck verginin tamamen ‘irrasyonel’ oldu\u011funu ve i\u015fletmelerini felakete s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilece\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
Ard\u0131ndan “Durum ger\u00e7ekten umutsuz,” diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nden ithal edilen t\u00fcm alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilere y\u00fczde 200 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seyahat"],"yoast_head":"\n